GeneWeb - Access restrictions

| # GeneWeb - Access restrictions

If your database is visible on the Web, you may want to have at your disposal some ways to restrict the access to the information it holds.

With GeneWeb, you can:

- Limit the inline updatings: wizard access.
- Protect the private informations: friend access.
- Protect the global access to a database.
- Protect the global access to the gwd service.

If your database is accommodated in a site, you are concerned only by the first three points.

The first two points (global accesses) work only in server mode. In cgi mode, you have to use the means given by the HTTP server you depend on.

Since the topic is about access restrictions, the next section concerns the issue of robots and the ways to prevent them from harming. The last section indicates a even rougher way of access interdiction: the black list.

### Limitation of the modifications: "wizard" access

If you don't want that anybody be able to make inline modifications, you have to put a "wizard" password to your database.

In this case, only the persons having given the good "wizard" password have the right to make updates. The other ones can normally navigate but don't see the clickable text "update" in the personal pages.

To install a "wizard" password", proceed as follow:

- If you usually pass by the "gwsetup" program, launch it, go to the main menu and select "database parameters". Write the "wizard" password and do "Ok".
- If you don't use "gwsetup", edit your file "foo.gwf" (for a data base named "foo"). If this file does not exist, create it by making a copy of the template file "a.gwf" provided in the distribution. Put your password as value of the variable "wizard_password". Example:

           wizard_passwd=xyzzy

- If your database is accommodated in a site, ask the site administrator to put a "wizard" password. Always pass by him, afterwards, if you want to change this password.

When a "wizard" password is installed, the welcome page (the one with the flags) gives you an area for the passwords.

- In server mode, the page displays "wizard access" on which you can click: your browser then pops a window where you can type the password in the appropriate area (the "user" area is ignored; you can type what you want inside).
- In CGI mode or if there is a global access authorization (see below), an input area is displayed. Enter your password and do "Ok" (in this case the password is visible and stay visible in the URLs during the navigation).

After having entered the password, the welcome page must be displayed again. You can detect that you are in "wizard" mode because the texts "modify family" and "modify notes" should be displayed.

In the navigation, in the personal pages, you have an access to "update".

### Protection of the private informations: "friend" access

If you want to protect the private informations of your database, you have to put a "friend" password. The private data concern only the person born since less than one century and are:

- Birth, death, marriage, etc. dates and places.
- Profession.
- Notes.
- Image.
- "Other relations" (godparents, adoptive parents, etc).

The other genealogical informations (parents, children) stay displayed.

If there is a "friend" password, only the persons having provided this password (or the "wizard" password) can see the private informations.

To install the "friend" password, proceed like for the "wizard" password above. If you pass by the file "foo.gwf", the variable name is "friend_passwd".

### Global access restriction to a database

If you want that your database be visible only by some persons, you can put a global access restriction.

Warning: this works only in server mode. If you are in cgi mode, you have to use the means provided by the HTTP server you depend on (the present documentation does not explain how, because it depends on the server).

You must first constituate an authorization file. This text file holds line of the kind "user:password". For example:

         smith:ex23zuu
         martin:2wxuz4

To install this authorization file, proceed as follow:

- Copy your file in the databases directory. In the standard installation, it is the directory "gw". Then edit your file "foo.gwf" (if your database name is "foo"; if this file does not exist, make a copy from the template file "a.gwf" provided with the distribution). Put your authorization file name you just wrote as value of the variable "auth_file". For example (if you called your authorization file "foo.auth"):

           auth_file=foo.auth

- If your database is accommodated in a site, ask the site administrator by sending him your authorizations file.

When accessing this database, your browser pops a window where you have to give a valid user name and its corresponding password.

In the above example, you have to write "smith" in the "user" area and "ex23zuu" in the "password" area, or "martin" in the "user" area and "2wxuz4" in the "password" area.

If your entry is not validated, you have no access at all to the data base.

### Global access restriction to the gwd service

If you want that the gwd service be accessible only by some persons, you can put a global access restriction to the gwd service. This apply to all the databases it takes care of.

The databases are then accessible only by the access protocol. If, however, some database has a specific global access restriction (see previous section), this specific restriction rather applies.

Warning: as for the previous section, this works only in server mode, not cgi mode.

You have to constituate an authorization file, as well. It can be only done by the site administrator: if your database is accommodated elsewhere, you are not concerned.

The global access authorization is done in the parameters of the "gwd" command. The option is named "-auth" and must be followed by the name of the authorizations file.

### Robots

Some persons happen to send "robot" in your site. These robots are programs which explore your site methodically, for example by starting from some specific page and "clicking" on everything clickable in the page and continuing in the resulting pages.

Most of these robots are bad ideas, because the number of possible pages is almost infinite. For example, if the robot starts from a personal page, clicks on "relationship computing", then on the spouse, it computes all the relationship links between the person and his spouse, then it can click on all the details of these links, and in all the intermediate persons, and so on.

The idea of these persons who launch robot is often to say: rather than pass hours clicking on this interesting site, I am going to download all its pages and read them quietly afterwards, at home, freeing my telephonic line.

Unhappily, as the GeneWeb service is a maze without exit, this makes only one thing: overload the person's disk with HTML pages.

For the site owner's point of view, he is generally not happy to receive so many requests so quickly, sometimes more than 10 per second. Because:

- That slows down his computer,
- That slows down the other users who consult the site normally,
- That distorts the statistics of the site accesses,
- That gives the disagreeable feeling to be spyed on.

However, the pages that GeneWeb generated clearly indicate to the robot (in the protocol) not to go on exploring from its pages.

"Good" robots, those which index the Web pages or the whole world, respect this protocol and don't insist. But when one launches a robot, it is perfectly possible to tell it to ignore it.

Against these impolite robots, the option "-robot_xcl" of gwd exists. It is based on the observation of the quickness of the requests coming from the same place.

The parameters are two numbers, separated by a comma. The first one is a number "x" of accesses and the second one a number "y" of seconds. If some address makes more than "x" accesses in "y" seconds, the address is then automatically registered in a black list and all the future requests are refused for it with an appropriate message.

Example:

         gwd -robot_xcl 100,150

If more than 100 connections in 150 seconds is detected from the same place, the origin address has no more access until the site owner decides to "free" it.

To free the forbidden addresses, the site owner just has to delete the file named "robot" located in the directory "cnt": anyway this is displayed in the access traces of gwd.

### The black list

The black list allows to forbid the access to a GeneWeb site for internet addresses or groups of internet addresses.

Build a file named "gwd.xcl" and put it in the same directory than the one of the command "gwd".

Edit this text file and put the address (one per line) you want to refuse. You can put "*" to indicated any sequence of characters. Example:

         big-bad@wolf.wood
         provider-*@of.access

This forbids the access from the addresses like "big-bad@wolf.wood", "provider-22@of.access", "provider-xx@of.access", and so on. If you just put a line with "*", all address are forbidden of access (including yours).

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