March 9, 2007 FSTAB 5

### NAME

fstab - filesystem table for devices, types, and mount points

### SYNOPSIS

### DESCRIPTION

The file fstab contains descriptive information about the various file systems. fstab is only read by programs, and not written; it is the duty of the system administrator to properly create and maintain this file. Each filesystem is described on a separate line; fields on each line are separated by tabs or spaces. Lines beginning with ``#'' are comments. The order of records in fstab is important because fsck(8), mount(8), and umount(8) sequentially iterate through fstab doing their respective tasks.

Each configuration line/record in fstab has the format:
```fs_spec` `fs_file` `fs_vfstype` `fs_mntops` `fs_freq` `fs_passno`

The first field, (```fs_spec`), describes the block special device or remote filesystem to be mounted. For filesystems of type ffs, the special file name is the block special file name, and not the character special file name. If a program needs the character special file name, the program must create it by appending a ``r'' after the last ``/'' in the special file name.

The second field, (```fs_file`), describes the mount point for the filesystem. For swap and dump partitions, this field should be specified as ``none''.

The third field, (```fs_vfstype`), describes the type of the filesystem. The system currently supports these filesystems:

adosfs
  an AmigaDOS filesystem.

cd9660
  an ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem.

ext2fs
  an implementation of the Linux ``Second Extended File-system''.

fdesc
  an implementation of ```/dev/fd`.

ffs
  a local UNIX filesystem.

filecore
  a filesystem for RISC OS.

kernfs
  various and sundry kernel statistics.

lfs
  a log-structured file-system.

mfs
  a local memory-based UNIX filesystem.

msdos
  an MS-DOS ``FAT filesystem''.

nfs
  a Sun Microsystems compatible ``Network File System''.

ntfs
  a filesystem used by Windows NT. Still experimental.

null
  a loop-back filesystem, allowing parts of the system to be viewed elsewhere.

overlay
  a demonstration of layered filesystems.

portal
  a general filesystem interface, currently supports TCP and FS mounts.

procfs
  a local filesystem of process information.

ptyfs
  a pseudo-terminal device file system.

smbfs
  a shared resource from an SMB/CIFS file server.

swap
  a disk partition to be used for swapping and paging.

tmpfs
  an efficient memory file system.

umap
  a user and group re-mapping filesystem.

union
  a translucent filesystem.

The fourth field, (```fs_mntops`), describes the mount options associated with the filesystem. It is formatted as a comma separated list of options. It contains at least the type of mount (see ```fs_type` below) plus any additional options appropriate to the filesystem type.

The option ``auto'' can be used in the ``noauto'' form to cause a file system not to be mounted automatically (with ``mount -a'' , or system boot time).

If the options ``userquota'' and/or ``groupquota'' are specified, the filesystem is automatically processed by the quotacheck(8) command, and user and/or group disk quotas are enabled with quotaon(8). By default, filesystem quotas are maintained in files named ```quota.user` and ```quota.group` which are located at the root of the associated filesystem. These defaults may be overridden by putting an equal sign and an alternative absolute pathname following the quota option. Thus, if the user quota file for ```/tmp` is stored in ```/var/quotas/tmp.user`, this location can be specified as:

  `

      userquota=/var/quotas/tmp.user

  `

The type of the mount is extracted from the ```fs_mntops` field and stored separately in the ```fs_type` field (it is not deleted from the ```fs_mntops` field). If ```fs_type` is ``rw'' or ``ro'' then the filesystem whose name is given in the ```fs_file` field is normally mounted read-write or read-only on the specified special file. If ```fs_type` is ``sw'' or ``dp'' then the special file is made available as a piece of swap or dump space by the swapctl(8) command towards the beginning of the system reboot procedure. See swapctl(8) for more information on configuring swap and dump devices. The fields other than ```fs_spec` and ```fs_type` are unused. If ```fs_type` is specified as ``xx'' the entry is ignored. This is useful to show disk partitions which are currently unused.

The fifth field, (```fs_freq`), is used for these filesystems by the dump(8) command to determine which filesystems need to be dumped. If the fifth field is not present, a value of zero is returned and dump(8) will assume that the filesystem does not need to be dumped.

The sixth field, (```fs_passno`), is used by the fsck(8) program to determine the order in which filesystem checks are done at reboot time. The root filesystem should be specified with a ```fs_passno` of 1, and other filesystems should have a ```fs_passno` of 2. Filesystems within a drive will be checked sequentially, but filesystems on different drives will be checked at the same time to use parallelism available in the hardware. If the sixth field is not present or zero, a value of zero is returned and fsck(8) will assume that the filesystem does not need to be checked. ``

    #define FSTAB_RW        "rw"    /* read-write device */
    #define FSTAB_RQ        "rq"    /* read/write with quotas */
    #define FSTAB_RO        "ro"    /* read-only device */
    #define FSTAB_SW        "sw"    /* swap device */
    #define FSTAB_DP        "dp"    /* dump device */
    #define FSTAB_XX        "xx"    /* ignore totally */

    struct fstab {
            char    *fs_spec;       /* block special device name */
            char    *fs_file;       /* filesystem path prefix */
            char    *fs_vfstype;    /* type of filesystem */
            char    *fs_mntops;     /* comma separated mount options */
            char    *fs_type;       /* rw, ro, sw, or xx */
            int     fs_freq;        /* dump frequency, in days */
            int     fs_passno;      /* pass number on parallel fsck */
    };

The proper way to read records from ```fstab` is to use the routines getfsent(3), getfsspec(3), and getfsfile(3).

### FILES

```/etc/fstab`
  The location of fstab configuration file.

```/usr/share/examples/fstab/`
  Some useful configuration examples.

### SEE ALSO

getfsent(3), mount(8), swapctl(8)

### HISTORY

The fstab file format appeared in 4.0BSD.