BOOT(8)              NetBSD/macppc System Manager's Manual             BOOT(8)

NAME
     boot -- Macppc system bootstrapping procedures

DESCRIPTION
   Power fail and crash recovery
     Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.  An
     automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed as
     described in fsck(8), and unless this fails, the system will resume
     multi-user operations.

   Cold starts
     The boot ROM performs a Power On Self Test (POST) then loads Open
     Firmware.  Depending on the Open Firmware variable `auto-boot?' it will
     either stop at the Open Firmware prompt or attempt to boot an operating
     system.  Depending on the contents of the `use-nvramrc?', `boot-command',
     `boot-device', and `boot-file' Open Firmware variables, it will attempt
     to boot MacOS, MacOS X, or NetBSD.

     To boot NetBSD, Open Firmware loads the bootloader ofwboot(8) from the
     specified `boot-device'.  The bootloader then loads the kernel from the
     `boot-file', (if it exists).  Otherwise, it tries to load (in the follow-
     ing order): netbsd, netbsd.gz, or netbsd.macppc on the ``a'' partition of
     the same device that had the bootloader.

   Open Firmware Commands
     An essential but incomplete list of Open Firmware commands follows.  A
     more thorough list is contained in the FAQ.
           http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/faq.html#ofw-use

     boot [boot-device [boot-file]] [options]

     Boot an operating system.  The default arguments for this command are
     taken from the Open Firmware environment variables:
     boot-device  primary bootloader location
     boot-file    kernel location
     options      flags passed to the kernel

     reset-all

     Reset the system, and proceed as specified by the `use-nvramrc?' and
     `auto-boot?' variables.  If `use-nvramrc?' is set to `true', then the
     system will attempt to execute the commands stored in the `nvramrc' vari-
     able.  If `auto-boot?' is set to `true', the system will attempt to use
     the values stored in `boot-command', `boot-device', and `boot-file' to
     boot the system.  If `auto-boot?' is set to `false', the system will halt
     at the Open Firmware prompt.

     shut-down

     Power off the system.

     setenv variable value

     Set an Open Firmware variable, e.g.,

           setenv auto-boot? false
           setenv boot-device hd:,\ofwboot.xcf
           setenv boot-file netbsd-GENERIC.gz

     set-default variable

     Set an Open Firmware variable to its default value.

     printenv [variable]

     Show Open Firmware variables and values.

     eject fd

     Eject floppy disk on systems with on-board floppy drives.

     mac-boot

     Attempt to boot MacOS on an Open Firmware 3 system.

     bye

     Attempt to boot MacOS on an Open Firmware 1.0.5, 2.0.x, or 2.4 system.

   Open Firmware Variables
     An essential but incomplete list of Open Firmware variables follows.  A
     more thorough list is contained in the FAQ.
           http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/faq.html#ofw-variables

     auto-boot?      What Open Firmware will do at system startup or reset:

                     true   automatically bootstrap an operating system using
                            values from the `boot-command', `boot-device', and
                            `boot-file' variables.

                     false  stop at the Open Firmware prompt.

     use-nvramrc?    If `true' runs commands in variable `nvramrc'.

     real-base       Kernel memory location.  Do not modify this value on Open
                     Firmware 3 systems -- you may damage your computer.  All
                     other Open Firmware versions should use F00000.

     load-base       Bootloader memory location.  Do not modify this value on
                     Open Firmware 3 systems -- you may damage your computer.
                     All other Open Firmware versions should use 600000.

     boot-command    The command to use for booting.  Typically, the default
                     of `boot' is used.

     boot-device     Device from which to load primary bootloader.  Value
                     depends on a variety of factors.  See ofwboot(8).

     boot-file       Kernel location.  Value depends on a variety of factors.
                     See ofwboot(8).

     input-device    What type of console input device (ADB keyboard, USB
                     keyboard, or serial port).

                     kbd   ADB keyboard on models with ADB, USB keyboard on
                           models with USB, and built-in keyboard on laptops.
                           This is the default on some Open Firmware 2.0.x
                           machines and all Open Firmware 2.4 and 3 machines.

                     ttya  `Modem' serial port on machines with serial ports.
                           Properties are 38400 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop
                           bit, no handshaking.  This is the default on all
                           Open Firmware 1.0.5 systems and some Open Firmware
                           2.0.x systems.

                     ttyb  `Printer' serial port on machines with serial
                           ports.  Properties are the same as the `Modem'
                           port.

                     scca  Serial port on Xserve models.  Properties are 57600
                           bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking.

     output-device   What type of console output device (On-board video, AGP
                     video, PCI video, built-in LCD, or serial console).
                     Value depends on a variety of factors.  See ofwboot(8)
                     and
                           http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/faq.html#ofw-input-output-devices

     nvramrc         If `use-nvramrc?' is set to true, these FORTH commands
                     will be run when the computer is reset

   Normal Operation
     When Open Firmware loads the primary bootloader, it will print something
     like the following:

            loading XCOFF
            tsize=CC50 dsize=14AC bsize=2668 entry=640000
            SECTIONS:
            .text    00640000 00640000 0000CC50 000000E0
            .data    0064D000 0064D000 000014AC 0000CD30
            .bss     0064E4B0 0064E4B0 00002668 00000000
            loading .text, done..
            loading .data, done..
            clearing .bss, done..

     When ofwboot(8) is started, it prints something like the following:

            >> NetBSD/macppc OpenFirmware Boot, Revision 1.7
            >> (autobuild@tgm.daemon.org, Thu Feb  6 17:50:27 UTC 2003)

     When ofwboot(8) is loading the kernel, it prints something like the fol-
     lowing:

            4395364+254568 [220144+193803]=0x4d477c
             start=0x100000

     When the NetBSD kernel has started it prints a banner similar to the fol-
     lowing:

            Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
                The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.  All rights reserved.
            Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
                The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.

            NetBSD 1.6ZC (GENERIC) #0: Tue Sep 30 13:09:10 UTC 2003
                   autobuild@tgm.NetBSD.org:/autobuild/HEAD/macppc/OBJ/autobuild/HEAD/src/sys/arch/macppc/compile/GENERIC

   After bootstrap
     Once the NetBSD/macppc kernel is booted normally it initializes itself
     and proceeds to start the system.  An automatic consistency check of the
     file systems takes place, and unless this fails, the system comes up to
     multi-user operation.

     The proper way to shut the system down is with the shutdown(8) command.

     If the system crashes, it will enter the kernel debugger, ddb(4), if it
     is configured in the kernel.  If the crash occurred during initialization
     and the debugger is not present or is exited, the kernel will halt the
     system.

     If the crash occurred during normal operation and the debugger is not
     present or is exited, the system will attempt a dump to the configured
     dump device (which will be automatically recovered with savecore(8) dur-
     ing the next bootstrap cycle), and after the dump is complete (successful
     or not) the kernel will attempt a reboot.

FILES
     /boot                    NetBSD secondary bootstrap program (Open
                              Firmware 1.x and 2.x)
     /netbsd                  default NetBSD system kernel
     /usr/mdec/bootxx         NetBSD primary bootstrap program (Open Firmware
                              1.x and 2.x) a.k.a.  ``partition zero'' boot-
                              loader
     /usr/mdec/ofwboot        NetBSD secondary bootstrap program (Open
                              Firmware 1.x and 2.x)
     /usr/mdec/ofwboot.xcf    primary bootstrap for netboot and ``cd9660''
                              (ISO 9660), ``MS-DOS'', ``HFS'', and ``HFS+''
                              file systems.

SEE ALSO
     ddb(4), intro(4), diskless(8), halt(8), init(8), installboot(8),
     ofwboot(8), rc(8), reboot(8), savecore(8), shutdown(8)

           http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/faq.html
           http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/network/netboot/

STANDARDS
     IEEE Std 1275-1994 (``Open Firmware'')
           http://playground.sun.com/1275/home.html

BUGS
     The device names used by NetBSD/macppc and Open Firmware often have no
     relation to each other.

     Apple Computer's Open Firmware implementation is easily confused.  It is
     best to reboot your computer after a failed boot attempt, halt, or
     shutdown -h.  Use the Open Firmware reset-all command.

     Apple Computer's Open Firmware implementation is notoriously bad.  Thor-
     ough instructions for installing and booting NetBSD are in the install
     notes (INSTALL.html) included with every release of NetBSD.

NetBSD 5.0_STABLE               March 28, 2004               NetBSD 5.0_STABLE
