November 26, 2008 TIMECOUNTER 9

### NAME

timecounter, tc_init - machine-independent binary timescale

### SYNOPSIS

```void` tc_init(```struct timecounter *tc`)

### DESCRIPTION

The timecounter interface is a machine-independent implementation of a binary timescale using whatever hardware support is at hand for tracking time.

A timecounter is a binary counter which has two properties:

- it runs at a fixed, known frequency

- it has sufficient bits to not roll over in less than approximately max(2 msec, 2/HZ seconds) (the value 2 here is really 1 + delta, for some indeterminate value of delta)

The interface between the hardware which implements a timecounter and the machine-independent code which uses this to keep track of time is a timecounter structure:

  `

      struct timecounter {
              timecounter_get_t       *tc_get_timecount;
              timecounter_pps_t       *tc_poll_pps;
              u_int                   tc_counter_mask;
              u_int64_t               tc_frequency;
              const char              *tc_name;
              int                     tc_quality;
              void                    *tc_priv;
              struct timecounter      *tc_next;
      }

  `

The fields of the timecounter structure are described below.

u_int (*tc_get_timecount)(```struct timecounter *`)
  This function reads the counter. It is not required to mask any unimplemented bits out, as long as they are constant.

void (*tc_poll_pps)(```struct timecounter *`)
  This function is optional and can be set to ```NULL`. It will be called whenever the timecounter is rewound, and is intended to check for PPS events. Normal hardware does not need it but timecounters which latch PPS in hardware do.

tc_counter_mask
  This mask should mask off any unimplemented bits.

tc_frequency
  Frequency of the counter in Hz.

tc_name
  Name of the timecounter. Can be any nul-terminated string.

tc_quality
  Used to determine if this timecounter is better than another timecounter - higher means better. Negative means ``only use at explicit request''.

tc_priv
  Pointer to the timecounter's private parts.

tc_next
  For internal use.

To register a new timecounter, the hardware device driver should fill a timecounter structure with appropriate values and call the tc_init(``) function, giving a pointer to the structure as a ```tc` parameter.

### TIMESTAMP FORMAT

The timestamp format used in the machine independent timecounter implementation is a bintime structure:

  `

      struct bintime {
              time_t  sec;
              uint64_t frac;
      }

  `

The sec field records the number of seconds as well as the tv_sec field in the traditional UNIX timeval and timespec structures.

The frac field records fractional seconds represented in a fully 64 bit integer, i.e. it goes all the way from ```0` through ```0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF` per each second. The effective resolution of the frac value depends on a frequency of the machine dependent timecounter source.

The bintime format is a binary number, not a pseudo-decimal number, so it can be used as a simple binary counter without expensive 64 bit arithmetics.

### CODE REFERENCES

The timecounter framework is implemented in the file ```sys/kern/kern_tc.c`.

The bintime structure and related functions are defined in the file ```sys/sys/time.h`.

### SEE ALSO

clock_settime(2), ntp_adjtime(2), settimeofday(2), bintime(9), binuptime(9), getbintime(9), getbinuptime(9), getmicrotime(9), getmicrouptime(9), getnanotime(9), getnanouptime(9), hz(9), microtime(9), microuptime(9), nanotime(9), nanouptime(9), time_second(9) http://phk.freebsd.dk/pubs/timecounter.pdf

### HISTORY

The timecounter interface first appeared in FreeBSD, and was ported to NetBSD4.0 by Frank Kardel and Simon Burge.